PAMUKKALE & HIERAPOLIS: Where Nature’s Miracle Meets Ancient Splendor

After a day of relaxation, we embarked on one of Turkey’s most magical experiences – exploring Pamukkale’s cotton-white terraces and the ancient city of Hierapolis. This UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 1988) represents a breathtaking fusion of natural wonder and human history.

Pamukkale's surreal white travertine terraces at sunset
Pamukkale’s “Cotton Castle” – nature’s masterpiece formed over millennia by thermal springs

Nature’s Masterpiece: The Travertine Terraces

Pamukkale (“Cotton Castle” in Turkish) features spectacular white terraces formed by calcium-rich thermal springs. Over millennia, flowing water has created surreal formations resembling frozen waterfalls.

Geological wonder: The terraces continue growing today – each liter of water deposits about 2.2 grams of calcium carbonate daily!

In the 1960s-70s, uncontrolled tourism nearly destroyed this fragile ecosystem. UNESCO protection and conservation efforts have restored its glory. Today visitors can experience:

  • Pristine sections with active mineral springs
  • Restoration areas where nature is gradually healing
  • Cautionary examples of human impact

Barefoot walking along designated paths through warm (35°C/95°F) shallow pools is permitted. Many visitors enjoy therapeutic mud baths – the mineral-rich deposits are said to benefit skin and joints.

Hierapolis: The Ancient Spa City

Adjacent to Pamukkale’s terraces lie the magnificent ruins of Hierapolis, founded in the 2nd century BCE as a thermal spa city by King Eumenes II of Pergamon.

Historical gem: During Roman times, Hierapolis ranked among Asia Minor’s most prestigious resorts, attracting imperial aristocracy.

The remarkably preserved 2nd-century Roman theater (capacity 15,000) showcases:

  • Exquisite reliefs decorating the stage (skene)
  • Acoustic perfection – whispers from the stage reach the top rows
  • Panoramic valley views from upper tiers

Other Hierapolis highlights include:

  • The sprawling necropolis with tombs from various eras
  • Temple of Apollo ruins
  • Ancient thermal pool (swimming allowed!)
  • Domitian Gate – the city’s monumental entrance

Sleeping Amid History

We stayed at a comfortable thermal hotel where the pool was fed by mineral-rich hot springs. Evening soaks in 40°C (104°F) iron-and-calcium infused waters provided perfect relief after sightseeing.

Pro tip: Book accommodation with direct thermal pool access for an unforgettable experience!

Pamukkale and Hierapolis offer a magical convergence of natural wonder and ancient civilization – an absolute must on any Turkish itinerary that will leave you awestruck.