Kars & Ani: A Journey Through Millennia of History

On Turkey’s eastern frontier where steppes meet mountains, lies one of the region’s most fascinating sites – the ancient city of Ani. This remarkable time capsule transports visitors to the golden age of medieval Armenia and Byzantium.

Ani – The City of 1001 Churches

Founded in the 5th century, Ani flourished between the 10th-11th centuries as capital of medieval Armenia. Nicknamed “The City of 1001 Churches,” it once boasted about 50 temples, monasteries and chapels at its peak!

Historical tidbit: After Seljuk leader Alp Arslan conquered Ani in 1064 (helping spark the Crusades), legend says Gregory the Illuminator – Armenia’s patron saint – visited its cathedral.

Ani Cathedral ruins with distinctive red stone arches
Ani Cathedral – masterpiece of medieval Armenian architecture

The 1001 CE cathedral by architect Trdat remains most impressive with its innovative design. Equally remarkable are the circular-domed Church of the Redeemer and the Red Mosque’s distinctive stonework.

Though a devastating 1319 earthquake destroyed the city, Ani’s legacy endured through 19th century Ottoman-Russian conflicts. Today it stands as a powerful symbol for Armenians worldwide.

Panoramic view of Ani's ruins against mountain backdrop
Ani’s hauntingly beautiful archaeological landscape

Kars – Where East Meets West

Just 45km from Ani, Kars embodies cultural fusion. This strategic trading hub changed hands repeatedly – from Armenians to Seljuks, Mongols, Ottomans and Russians.

The imposing 16th-century fortress built by Ottoman Sultan Murad III offers panoramic views. Don’t miss Kars’ “Little Russia” district with yellow volcanic tuff buildings from its 1878-1918 Russian occupation.

Kars cityscape with Russian-style architecture
Kars – where architectural styles collide

Must-see highlights:

  • Seljuk-era Taşköprü stone bridge
  • 17th-century Beylerbeyi Turkish baths
  • Kars Museum’s archaeological treasures
  • Famous Kars cheese tasting

A journey to Kars and Ani unveils layers of history where every stone tells a story – essential for history and architecture lovers exploring Eastern Turkey.