Trabzon: Black Sea Jewel Where Byzantine Heritage Meets Modern Turkey

Perched dramatically above the Black Sea, Trabzon enchants visitors with its layered history dating back to 8th century BCE Greek colonists. Today this vibrant hub seamlessly blends cultural heritage with modern tourism infrastructure.

Panoramic view of Trabzon overlooking the Black Sea
Trabzon’s stunning coastal setting

Sumela Monastery – A Cliffside Marvel

The region’s crown jewel is undoubtedly Sumela Monastery (Virgin Mary Monastery), clinging 1,200 meters high on a vertical cliff face in Altındere Valley. Founded in 4th century CE by Athenian monks, this Orthodox sanctuary became a spiritual center of the Empire of Trebizond.

Sacred legend: Local tradition claims the monastery’s icon of Mary was painted by Saint Luke himself. After the 15th century Ottoman conquest, Sultan Mehmed II protected the monks through a special decree.

While interior photography is prohibited, the panoramic valley views from monastery terraces are unforgettable. Organized tours are recommended as public transport access is nearly impossible.

Karaca Cave – Nature’s Underground Palace

Another must-see is Karaca Cave, considered Turkey’s most beautiful limestone cavern. This 150-meter wonderland dazzles with colorful stalactites resembling frozen waterfalls, delicate draperies, and cave pearls formed over millennia.

Trabzon Hagia Sophia's Byzantine architecture
Trabzon Hagia Sophia – where Christian and Islamic heritage intertwine

Trabzon Hagia Sophia – A Turbulent History

In the city center, the 13th-century Hagia Sophia (Aya Sofya) showcases a unique blend of Georgian, Seljuk and Byzantine architecture. Its well-preserved Paleologan-era frescoes depict biblical scenes with remarkable artistry.

Architectural journey: Converted to a mosque after Mehmed II’s 1461 conquest, then a museum in 1964, it reverted to a mosque in 2013. Islamic practice now partially obscures the frescoes, while carpets cover original floor mosaics.

Black Sea coastline near Trabzon
Trabzon’s dramatic Black Sea setting

Black Sea Promenade Stroll

Complete your day along the seaside boulevard where you can:

  • Sample local specialties like hamsi (Black Sea anchovies)
  • Relax at traditional çay bahçesi (tea gardens) with sea views
  • Explore the historic port that once traded with Genoa and Venice

Trabzon captivates not just through monuments, but through its unique atmosphere where Turkish, Greek and Caucasian influences merge – an essential stop for Eastern Turkey explorers.