Van – Eastern Anatolia’s Pearl on a Salt Lake

Perched beside Turkey’s largest lake, Van dazzles visitors with its historical treasures and natural wonders. The lake’s extraordinary pH of 9.7 makes it one of the world’s most alkaline bodies of water – perfect for producing Van’s famous soap for centuries.

Historical gem: This region served as capital of the ancient Urartu Kingdom (9th-6th century BCE), evidenced by numerous artifacts and cuneiform inscriptions. Later, it flourished as a medieval Armenian cultural hub.

Akdamar Island on Lake Van
The Church of the Holy Cross on Akdamar Island – masterpiece of Armenian architecture

Akdamar Island – Armenian Legacy

The region’s crown jewel is Akdamar Island with its 10th-century Church of the Holy Cross. King Gagik I Artsruni built this architectural marvel between 915-921 AD as part of a royal complex.

Artistic wonder: The church’s exterior features unique bas-reliefs depicting biblical scenes alongside intricate animal and plant motifs. Don’t miss the famous Jonah and the Whale carving – among Christianity’s earliest such depictions.

The 30-minute ferry ride (hourly departures) treats visitors to breathtaking views of snow-capped mountains reflected in turquoise waters. Spring visits offer the most magical scenery when peaks remain white-capped.

Panoramic view of Van city
Van’s distinctive cityscape against mountain backdrop

Van Fortress – Urartu’s Mighty Citadel

Day two should feature Van Fortress (Van Kalesi), built in the 9th century BCE by King Sarduri I. This monumental structure stands among the best-preserved Urartian relics.

Archaeological treasure: The fortress houses the longest known Urartian inscription, carved into rock by King Xerxes I.

The challenging climb rewards adventurers with panoramic views of Lake Van and distant Mount Süphan (4,058m) visible 80km away on clear days.

Modern Van – City of Cats and Breakfasts

Van boasts two modern claims to fame: its unique white cats with mismatched eyes (Van Kedisi) and extravagant breakfast spreads (Van kahvaltısı) featuring dozens of small plates.

Must-visit city spots include:

  • Van Museum – Showcasing Urartu artifacts
  • Ulu Camii – 12th-century mosque
  • Lakeside Park – Perfect relaxation spot

Where ancient history meets contemporary culture, Van offers an unforgettable Eastern Anatolian experience.